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1.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 8(3): 1-16, sept. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292541

ABSTRACT

For a long time, any heart-based injury was an off-limits area for surgeons; a patient with a traumatic cardiac injury was doomed to die. Little more than one hundred years have passed since the first surgical correction of a penetrating cardiac injury and there is still a high rate of mortality, despite the medical advances. We present the case of 6 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries that were repaired at a third level hospital of Mexico, alongside relevant findings on the literature about the topic. From 2019 to 2020, an incidence of 6 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries was present; all men aged 30 years or older. The etiology of 4 (67%) patients was stab wounds and 2 (33%) gunshot wounds. Left anterolateral thoracotomy was used on 5 (83%) patients and midline sternotomy on 1 (17%) patient. 2 (33%) injuries on the left ventricle presented along with coronary arteries injuries. Left ventricle and right atrium injuries presented each 50% of mortality. The mortality was of 33%, 1 patient died due to intraoperative complications and another one due to massive cerebral infarction and polyuric syndrome because of diabetes insipidus. There is a long path ahead of the surgical field on this topic and further to be analyzed. An excellent tool for cardiac tamponade diagnosis due to penetrating cardiac injuries is cardiac ultrasound, therefore it should be used on every hemodynamic unstable patient in the context of PCI. Definitively, time is of the essence, and the survival of patients depends on immediate transport to a hospital and an opportune surgical intervention.


Durante mucho tiempo las heridas en el corazón eran un área prohibida para el cirujano. Cualquier persona con herida penetrante cardíaca estaba condenada a morir. Poco más de cien años han transcurrido desde la primera corrección quirúrgica de una herida penetrante cardíaca y sigue habiendo una tasa alta de mortalidad, a pesar de los avances médicos. Se presenta una serie de casos de 6 pacientes con heridas penetrantes cardíacas que fueron reparadas en un hospital de tercer nivel de México, junto con revisión de la literatura. Desde el 2019 al 2020, hubo una incidencia de 6 pacientes con heridas penetrantes cardíacas; todos fueron hombres de 30 años o mayores. La etiología en 4 (67%) casos fueron heridas por arma blanca y 2 (33%) por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego. Se usó el abordaje por toracotomía anterolateral izquierda en 5 (83%) pacientes y esternotomía media en 1 (17%) paciente. Dos (33%) heridas se suscitaron en el ventrículo izquierdo en conjunto con heridas en arterias coronarias. Heridas en el ventrículo izquierdo y atrio derecho presentaron una mortalidad del 50% cada una. La mortalidad total fue de 33%, 1 paciente falleció por complicaciones intraoperatorias y otro más por infarto cerebral masivo y síndrome poliúrico causado por diabetes insípida. Hay un gran camino por recorrer en el ámbito quirúrgico de este tipo de heridas y más por ser analizado. Una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico del taponamiento cardíaco por heridas penetrantes cardíacas es el ultrasonido cardíaco, y, por ende, debe ser usado en todo paciente con inestabilidad hemodinámica en el contexto de una herida penetrante cardíaca. Definitivamente, el tiempo es vida, y la sobrevivencia de estos pacientes depende del transporte inmediato a un hospital y una intervención quirúrgica oportuna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Myocardial Contusions/therapy , Myocardial Contusions/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonics/methods
2.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 36(3): 540-544, 20210000. fig
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254390

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Chest trauma is one of the most common causes of death corresponding to 20 to 25 % of cases. The majority of the patients (85%), can be managed with only a tube thoracostomy. Our objective by presenting this case report is to provide an example of how to manage a challenging chest tube thoracostomy in a patient with cardiac hernia diagnosed in the preoperative phase, based on signs of computed tomography. Case report. A 45-year-old male presented to our emergency department who fell from a light pole 7 meters high. He fell to the ground on his back. Physical examination revealed a huge subcutaneous emphysema on his entire anterior chest wall and presented no sensitivity or movements below the navel line. After the initial assessment and management care, the patient improved. As the patient stabilized we decided to go to CT. The scan revealed pericardial rupture with only the right pericardial circumference intact, the heart herniated into the left pleural space, bilateral pneumothorax, small right hemothorax and a relevant subcutaneous emphysema surrounding the chest. We decided to perform the blunt dissection technique to insert chest tubes bilaterally because of safety. After performed it the patient was transferred to cardiothoracic department. Discussion. There is a variety of techniques to perform tube thoracostomy but the blunt dissection remain the safer, especially when we are facing an anatomic distortion of the heart. Conclusion. We present a case report of a challenging thoracic drainage performed in a patient with traumatic cardiac hernia, which procedure was successful


Introducción. El traumatismo torácico es una de las causas más comunes de muerte y corresponde al 20 a 25 % de los casos. La mayoría de los pacientes (85 %) pueden tratarse solo con toracostomía. Nuestro objetivo al presentar este informe de caso es proporcionar un ejemplo de cómo manejar una toracostomía desafiante en un paciente con hernia cardíaca, diagnosticada en la fase preoperatoria, basada en signos de tomografía computarizada. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 45 años que ingresa a nuestro departamento de emergencias luego de caída de 7 metros de altura (poste de luz), cayendo de espaldas al suelo. El examen físico reveló un enfisema subcutáneo importante en todo el tórax anterior y sin sensibilidad ni movimientos debajo de la línea del ombligo. Después de la evaluación y atención inicial el paciente mejoró y se decidió realizar una tomografía computarizada que reveló la rotura pericárdica, con solo la circunferencia pericárdica derecha intacta, el corazón herniado en el espacio pleural izquierdo, neumotórax bilateral, pequeño hemotórax en el lado derecho y enfisema subcutáneo rodeando completamente el tórax. Se escogió una técnica de disección roma para insertar el tubo torácico en ambos hemitórax, debido a su mayor seguridad. Posteriormente, el paciente fue trasladado al departamento de cirugía cardiotorácica. Discusión. Existe una variedad de técnicas para realizar una toracostomía con sonda, pero la disección roma sigue siendo la más segura, especialmente cuando enfrentamos una distorsión anatómica del corazón. Conclusión. Presentamos el caso de un drenaje torácico desafiante practicado a un paciente con hernia cardíaca traumática, con éxito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thoracic Injuries , Heart Injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating , Thoracostomy , Chest Tubes , Myocardial Contusions
3.
Rev. guatemalteca cir ; 27(1): 40-42, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1400741

ABSTRACT

Las heridas precordiales son una entidad poco frecuente y desafiante en cirugía de trauma en los servicios de Emergencia. La incidencia elevada de taponamiento y trauma cardiaco, así como su alta mortalidad obliga a tomar decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas rápidas y precisas. Material y Métodos: se presentan los casos de dos pacientes masculinos que ingresaron al servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Roosevelt con lesiones precordiales penetrantes con trauma pericárdico y cardiaco, con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas a los que se les realizó ventana pericárdica subxifoidea diagnóstica y seguido una esternotomía media con exposición pericárdica y cardiaca como abordaje y tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo. Discusión: Es de suma importancia reconocer los amplios escenarios de presentaciones clínicas del paciente con heridas en la región precordial y mantener un alto índice de sospecha de trauma y taponamiento cardiacos en todas las lesiones precordiales penetrantes en pacientes estables e inestables para no retrasar el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico temprano y adecuado. Las lesiones asociadas y complicaciones trans y postoperatorias aumentan la mortalidad de estos pacientes (AU)


Precordial wounds are rare and challenging lesions in Trauma Services. The high incidence of cardiac trauma and the high mortality requires fast and precise diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Case report: Two male patients who were admitted to the Roosevelt Hospital Emergency Service with penetrating precordial injuries with pericardial and cardiac trauma are presented, with different clinical manifestations, who underwent a diagnostic subxiphoid pericardial window and a median sternotomy with pericardial and cardiac exposure as a definitive surgical approach and treatment. Discussion: Is important to recognize the broad scenarios of patients with wounds in the precordial region and to maintain a high index of suspicion of cardiac trauma and tamponade in all penetrating precordial injuries inclusive in stable patients to not delay diagnosis and treatment and a proper surgical intervention. Associated injuries and perioperative complications increase the mortality of these patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging , Sternotomy/methods , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Myocardial Contusions/pathology , Hemothorax/diagnosis
4.
Prensa méd. argent ; 106(7): 425-428, 20200000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1366945

ABSTRACT

Sternal fractures are not frequent. There are not many case reports and nowadays, there is not an agreement regarding their treatment. The aim of this report is to present a case in order to contribute clarifying the existing therapeutic proposals. A case of a 45 years-old male patient, who consults because of pain in the anterior region of the chest after a traffic accident is analyzed. The images studies reveal an sternal fracture on the upper third. A surgical approach is proposed but, as the patient refuses it, an ambulatory treatment is made with a satisfactory evolution. Although a surgical treatment was not done, the non surgical management achieved satisfactory results


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sternum/injuries , Comparative Study , Accidents, Traffic , Ultrasonography , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Myocardial Contusions/therapy , Conservative Treatment , Fracture Fixation, Internal
5.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 36(1): 62-67, ene.-mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002558

ABSTRACT

Resumen El trauma cardíaco constituye una de las primeras causas de mortalidad en la población general. La gran mayoría son causados por accidentes automovilísticos. Su diagnóstico es difícil y requiere alto índice de sospecha en trauma cerrado. Posee un índice de mortalidad muy elevado, cercano al 76%. Existen varios métodos diagnósticos disponibles para facilitar su detección pero ninguno logra alcanzar una sensibilidad cercana al 100%. El trauma cardíaco contuso puede variar desde lesión cardíaca asintomática hasta ruptura cardíaca y muerte. Actualmente se utilizan marcadores bioquímicos como enzimas cardíacas, siendo la Troponina I la más específica; y electrofisiológicos como hallazgos en el electrocardiograma sugestivos de bloqueo de rama y taquicardia sinusal, siendo estos los más frecuentemente encontrados.


Abstract Heart trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality in the general population. The vast majority are caused by automobile accidents. Its diagnosis is difficult and requires a high index of suspicion in closed trauma. It has a very high mortality rate, close to 76%. There are several diagnostic methods available to facilitate its detection, but none can reach a sensitivity close to 100%. Contusive heart trauma can range from asymptomatic cardiac injury to cardiac rupture and death. Currently, biochemical markers are used as cardiac enzymes, with Troponin I being the most specific; and electrophysiological findings in the electrocardiogram suggestive of branch block and sinus tachycardia, these being the most frequently found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Commotio Cordis , Myocardial Contusions/classification , Myocardial Contusions/diagnostic imaging , Heart Injuries , Heart Rupture
7.
Journal of Southern Medical University ; (12): 1514-1520, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-772132

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the morphological features and forensic pathological characteristics of cardiac ruptures of different causes for their differential diagnosis.@*METHODS@#We analyzed the data of 44 autopsy cases of cardiac rupture from 2014 to 2017 in our institute, including 11 cases caused by blunt violence with intact pericardium, 4 caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 9 by myocardial infarction, and 20 by aorta dissection rupture.The gross features and histopathological characteristics of cardiac rupture and pericardial effusion were analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#Cardiac ruptures caused by blunt violence varied in both morphology and locations, and multiple ruptures could be found, often accompanied with rib or sternum fractures; the volume of pericardial effusion was variable in a wide range; microscopically, hemorrhage and contraction band necrosis could be observed in the cardiac tissue surrounding the rupture.Cardiac ruptures caused by CPR occurred typically near the apex of the right ventricular anterior wall, and the laceration was often parallel to the interventricular septum with frequent rib and sternum fractures; the volume of pericardial blood was small without blood clots; microscopic examination only revealed a few hemorrhages around the ruptured cardiac muscular fibers.Cardiac ruptures due to myocardial infarction caused massive pericardial blood with blood clots, and the blood volume was significantly greater than that found in cases of CPR-induced cardiac rupture ( < 0.05);lacerations were confined in the left ventricular anterior wall, and the microscopic findings included myocardial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mural thrombus.Cardiac tamponade resulting from aorta dissection rupture was featured by massive pericardial blood with blood clots, and the blood volume was much greater than that in cases of cardiac ruptures caused by blunt violence, myocardial infarction and CPR ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and lateral thrombi around the cardiac rupture, along with pericardial blood clots, are all evidences of antemortem injuries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Dissection , Aortic Aneurysm , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Forensic Pathology , Heart Rupture , Pathology , Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction , Pathology , Myocardial Contusions
9.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 22(supl.5): S32-S34, 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-968850

ABSTRACT

O traumatismo cardíaco penetrante constitui-se em evento que pode evoluir para o óbito rapidamente e por isso demanda diagnóstico e tratamento imediatos. Apesar da evolução dos métodos de imagem, às vezes não é possível identificá-lo de maneira não invasiva. Assim, o emprego da janela pericárdica constitui-se um método de fácil realização, com elevada sensibilidade e baixa morbidade, especialmente útil em pequenos centros com recursos escassos e limitados. (AU)


The penetrating cardiac trauma is into event that can lead to death quickly and therefore demands immediate diagnosis and treatment. Despite the evolution of the imaging methods, sometimes it is not possible to identify it using a non-invasive method. Thus, the use of pericardial window is an easy to accomplish method, wich has high sensibility and low morbity, specially useful in small centers with few and limited resourses. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pericardial Window Techniques , Myocardial Contusions/surgery , Myocardial Contusions/diagnosis , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Pericardiocentesis , Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical
10.
Acta pediátr. hondu ; 1(1): 21-25, abr.-sept. 2010. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884794

ABSTRACT

La hernia diafragmática traumática es poco frecuente en niños y aún continúa siendo una patología de difícil diagnóstico siendo un desafío para cirujanos y radiólogos, diagnosticándose tardíamente hasta en más de la mitad de los casos, dejando una hernia diafragmática latente, que puede manifestarse con síntomas que varían desde inespecíficos hasta la estrangulación de un asa intestinal. - Es considerada un indicador de gravedad del trauma y presenta una elevada tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. - El objetivo de esta publicación es presentar un caso de hernia diafragmática secundario a un trauma toracoabdominal cerrado. Reportamos el caso de un niño de 4 años atropellado que presentó una hernia diafragmática derecha, Con una excelente evolución clínica...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Diaphragm/abnormalities , Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic/diagnosis , Myocardial Contusions/complications , Pneumonia
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